Hpv and cancer prevention

The epidemiology of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer

The benefits are certain in some cases: life years gained for those with curable disease, avoidance of morbidity, reassurance that the disease is at a very early stage, avoiding expenses of treatment for advanced cancers and extra years of productivity. But screening tests also have disadvantages, so a balanced decision must be made, with the help of clinical randomized trials. In this article I will present the current methods for screening accepted for general population and particular screening reserved for persons at high risk.

Open in a separate window Hypopharynx cancer usually occurs in the second half of life, between 50—79 years, more frequent in males. There have been described pharyngeal cancers in children. An increased incidence of post—cricoid cancer has been encountered in women with Plummer—Vinson syndrome from anglo—saxon countries.

Although in the first case the benefit is proven, the use of these methods in practice varies largely due to lack of resources hpv and cancer prevention well designed health programs. Beneficiile sunt evidente în anumite cazuri: prelungirea su­pravieţuieii la cei cu boală curabilă, scăderea morbidităţii, asigurarea pacientului că boala se află în stadiu incipient, evitarea costurilor crescute asociate cu tratamentul for­melor avansate de boală şi creşterea numărului de ani de productivitate.

Dar testele de screening au şi dezavantaje, aşa că un echilibru trebuie găsit, cea mai importantă con­tribuţie în acest sens fiind dată de testele clinice ran­do­mizate. În acest articol voi prezenta metodele curente acceptate pentru populaţia generală şi cele rezervate pentru persoanele cu risc înalt.

Deşi în primul caz beneficiile sunt dovedite, utilizarea lor în practică variază larg din cauza lipsei de resurse şi a lipsei implementării programelor de sănătate publică.

High risk hpv leads to cancer, Hpv cancer high risk. Înțelesul "HPV" în dicționarul Engleză

Checking for cancer or for conditions that may become cancer in people who have no symptoms is called scre­ening. It is usually assimilated with secondary prevention and involves hpv and cancer prevention use of diagnostic tests in an apparently healthy population. Many people wrongly mistake screening for prevention 2.

There are several forms of prevention: Primary prevention - aims to prevent disease before it ever occurs. This is done by preventing exposures to hazards that cause the disease, altering unhealthy or unsafe behaviors that can lead to disease, and increasing resistance to disease if exposure occurs.

One example is vaccination 3.

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Secondary level of prevention - treatment of precancerous or cancerous lesions in early stages, when no clinical expression is present, which leads to avoidance of developing invasive or metastatic disease. It includes screening asymptomatic patient and early detection diagnose in phase of minimal symptoms of disease. It also applies to advanced disease which is asymptomatic or without complications at time being.

The epidemiology of hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer

The fourth level of prevention - according to some authors, could be considered prevention of suffering from side effects of treatment and complications, pain and maintaining the quality of life of the patients 4. Screening can be proposed for a certain cancer in the following situations: if it is frequent, has a long preclinical evolution, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, long preclinical non-metastasis faze and if early detection offers access to treatment that improves outcomes.

Din fericire, virusul dispare în timp în unele situații, însă doar în cazurile în care sistemul imunitar este suficient de puternic și poate lupta împotriva acestuia. Totuși, nu te baza pe aceste situații și reține că doar medicul ginecolog îți poate oferi soluții de tratament eficiente. Mai ales că, din nefericire, consecința cea mai gravă este că HPV-ul poate duce la apariția cancerului de col uterin, care este al doilea cancer ca frecvență dintre toate tipurile de cancer la femei în întreaga lume primul loc fiind ocupat de cancerul de sân. Descoperă echipa de medici ginecologi cu peste de ani de experiență în tratamentul și diagnosticul afecțiunilor intime ale femeii!

It is important to remind that screening tests can have potential harms as well as benefits. Some screening tests may have side effects, cause discomfort or severe complications.

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Screening tests can have false-positive results. Screening tests can have false-negative results. Overdiagnosis is possible. This happens when a screening test correctly shows that a person has cancer, but the cancer is slow growing and would not have harmed that person in his or her lifetime.

Asiguratori parteneri

This can lead to overtreatment 5. Screening tests that have been shown to reduce cancer deaths Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and fecal occult blood tests FOBTs Colon cancer is the third most frequent cancer in both men and women.

Although usually met in persons after 50 years, there is a trend o increase incidence among young adults. The major risk factors are family history and old age, other conditions being associated with greater probability of cancer alcohol, smoking, lack of physical exercise, poor fiber diet and rich in red processed meat.

Ziua Internațională de Conștientizare a HPV marcată pe 4 martie, la nivel global

Another risk is found in people with ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease 6. Genetic consult, thorough history till second degree relatives and IHC imunohistochemical and genetic testing should be considered in those with HNPCC hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer - like in Lynch syndrome with its variant -  Turcot patients with MMR - mismatch repair gene mutations and brain tumoursand Muir-Torre syndrome MTS - cutaneous gland tumours like keratoacanthomas and sebaceous  tumors associated with hpv and cancer prevention, breast, and genitourinary tract neoplasia.

Guaiac FOBT: is used to detect a part of the blood protein hemoglobin. It requires avoidance of certain food before testing red meat.

FIT: implies use of antibodies to detect human hemoglobin specifically. No dietary restrictions are needed.

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2. Papilomavirusul uman (HPV)
3. În India constituie cea mai frecventă formă de cancer.

Studies suggest testing every year beginning with the age of 50 until 80 years; it helps reduce death from CCR by up to 33 percent 8,9. Sigmoidoscopy has hpv infektion gebarmutterhals advantage of visualizing the rectum and sigmoid colon and being able to biopsy suspect lesions.

Preparation for the test is less demanding than that needed for colonoscopy. Trials have shown an up to 70 percent lowered risk of death from cancer of sigmoid and rectum using this method.

Activitățile derulate în întreaga lume cu ocazia acestei zile au drept obiectiv încurajarea autorităților să ia măsuri în vederea reducerii numărului de cazuri de cancer cauzate de HPV, atât în cazul femeilor, cât și în cazul bărbaților, prin facilitarea accesului acestora la strategii de prevenire a infecției cu HPV - vaccinarea anti-HPV sau programe de screening.

A randomized study showed that just one sigmoidoscopy done between 55 and 64 years old can offer an hpv and cancer prevention reduction in CCR incidence and mortality. The usual recommendation is for the test to be done every 5 years in conjunction with FOBT every 3 years Colonoscopy examines the whole colon and rectum. A form of sedation is recommended for patient comfort. A more complex cleaning of the colon is needed before the investigation.

It has the advantage of biopsy, too. Death from CCR is reduced by about 70 percent.

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